Index

Why a Cross Border Cooperation Index?

Policy discourse on border regions is nearly always passionate, but rarely well informed. Mythology and anecdotes dominate, rather than hard data. Cross-border co-operation itself remains little understood. While longitudinal data exists on the state of cross-border co-operation in many frontier regions of Europe, it is not easily available to the full range of stakeholders, nor is it presented in an interactive visual format that aids comparative analysis for identifying positive trends or emerging hotspots. Moreover, most qualitative data from border regions is ad hoc in character, making comparative and longitudinal analysis all but impossible.

Local and international stakeholders alike would be better able to know the true condition of cross-border co-operation, and to place that changing context over time and relative to other frontier regions if easily available quantitative and qualitative comparative data were collected, compiled, and presented on-line via accessible and interactive visualizations.

Mobilization for policy change flows naturally when passion is matched with information.

This project tests a concept for a synthetic index of cross-border co-operation between regions located on both sides of Europe’s East-West frontiers using examples of a few border areas in Europe. The three pilot frontiers targeted are: the Barents Region, Kaliningrad/Poland, and Ukraine/Slovakia.

The Cross-Border Co-operation Index, once developed, would indicate the level of cross-border co-operation, point to good practices, but also serve as a tool for “early warning” of deteriorating cross-border situations that need attention from the conflict prevention perspective. Specifically, the project will look at whether the conceived methodology for the CBC Index is operational or if it needs refinement and in which areas. The project will also show whether there is enough distinction between the regions to be examined and what categories should deserve greater weight in constructing the CBC Index.

Value to Policy Makers
  • One common set of indicators to compare various aspects of cross-border co-operation across regions
  • Identify emerging “hot spots” and proven best practices
  • Better target assistance to regions demonstrating real progress with similar problems (e.g. to regions with low ratings in same category, such as “infrastructure”)
  • Evaluate, over time, the impact of policies and assistance programs
Key Results
Too early to tell what all the ratings mean, need further discussions, but the overall concept appears sound
  • Plenty of room of room to improve for the 2 regions examined: with regard to economic activities, resource management, management of movement of people
  • However, cross-border co-operation appears stronger in the Murmansk/Norway border
  • Some practices from Murmansk/Norway, especially in resource management, legal status, migration freedom of movement, might serve as useful comparative models for Kaliningrad/Poland.
Next Steps
  • Expand the index to include other border regions in Eurasia
  • Reflect, then refine the index
  • Produce overview pieces on individual border region and overall findings
  • Constantly update website with new information as it emerges
Methodology
After the field research teams submit their work to the project Chief Editor for review and editing, an international ratings board comprised of senior experts compares the data from different regions, assigns ratings to each parameter and agrees on the overall rating for each region based on the weighted average of the various parameters. The result is a baseline synthetic indicator of cross-border co-operation. In total, we seek in this first pilot phase to generate results from two cross-border regions, with the aim of testing the CBC Index’s viability and utility across different contexts.

Parameters Measured
Parameter 1: Historical/Cultural
  • Historical/cultural/religious monuments preserved?
  • Are the graves of ancestors on the other side of the border preserved? Can they be easily visited?
  • Religion same/different on either side of the border?   Access to religious services?
  • Historical names of towns/rivers/mountains/etc. preserved/contested?
Parameter 2: Demographics
  • What are the intermarriage rates?
  • Statistics on core and extended families residing on either side of the border?
Parameter 3: Resource management
  • Have common emergency response/disaster relief measures been developed?
  • Are there joint environmental protection measures?
  • Is there agreement on management of vital resources: water, electricity, gas, oil and other energy?
  • What is the extent of joint management of the following natural resources: fish, lumber and forests in general, industrial material, (metal ore)
Parameter 4: Legal Status
  • Is there a special law on the status of trans-border territories facilitating free movement of people and goods?
Parameter 5: Infrastructure
  • Is there joint development of roads and waterways?
  • What public transportation is available for movement across borders?  How frequent?
  • What is the condition of telephone communications (land and mobile)?
  • Is there internet access on either side of the border?
Parameter 6: Economic activities
  • What is the customs regime?  How easy is it to transport goods across borders?
  • What are the tax regulations governing cross-border economic activities?
  • What are (how easy) the regulations for registering joint enterprises; enterprises on the other side of the border?
  • Are these laws and regulations clear and accessible?  Are they enforced?
  • To what extent is corruption an impediment to cross-border economic activities?
  • Are the authorities making an effort to combat corruption?
  • What is the volume of cross-border trade?
  • Do both sides take measures to expand trade, joint production, and joint enterprises?
  • What are the trends in foreign investment in the region?
  • Are both sides trying to attract foreign investment into the region?  Are they doing it separately or are there joint initiatives?
  • Are there trading spots/markets that are important/traditional/symbolic?  Are they maintained and expanded?
Parameter 7: Migration/Movement of people
  • What are visa regulations?
  • Are there residency requirements for foreigners from cross-border areas?
  • How many checkpoints per kilometer of border?  Are they staffed adequately?
  • What is the approximate average waiting time to cross the border?
  • What is the average monthly number of border crossings?
  • How easy is it for a foreigner to obtain a work permit?
  • How many people work on the “other” side of the border permanently or seasonally?